IFA Investment Education Series
The Papers that Changed Investing
An IFA Investment Education series exploring the landmark academic papers that reshaped how the world understands markets and investing.
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Important disclosures
The data provided in charts referring to IFA Index Portfolios is hypothetical back-tested performance and is not actual client performance. Performance data for the IFA Index Portfolios is shown net of IFA's highest advisory fee and the underlying mutual fund expenses. IFA Indexes when shown individually do not reflect a deduction of advisory fees. None of the data reflects trading costs or taxes, which would have lowered performance by these costs. See more important disclosures at ifabt.com.