Small Caps Have Done Better Than You Think

One of the most common questions I hear is, "What's wrong with small caps?" This concern usually stems from relative returns over the past 10 years, during which US small caps underperformed the S&P 500 Index by a little over 4 percentage points. But which one of these asset classes has been behaving abnormally?

US small cap's return over the last decade was within 1 percentage point of its average since 1927, at 11.01% versus 12.00%. The large cap S&P 500, on the other hand, was far from its long-run average. The index returned more than 15% over the last 10 years, nearly 50% more than its average since 1927 of 10.39%.

The S&P 500 has substantial weight in companies like the Magnificent 7, which have exceeded investor expectations with their earnings growth in recent years.¹ When investors are surprised in a good way, outsize returns may follow. That's a windfall for investors with diversified portfolios. But expecting a continuation of large cap returns well in excess of the historical norm is betting on further unexpected success stories for these firms.

Many people have been searching for stories to explain US small cap underperformance. We've written previously about looking at the bigger picture with small cap returns and how some of the concerns over the current opportunity set may be overblown. But the stark contrast between short-term and long-term large cap returns suggests maybe investors are questioning the wrong segment of the market.

Footnotes

1. The Magnificent 7 stocks are represented by Alphabet, Apple, Amazon, Meta, Microsoft, NVIDIA, and Tesla. This information is intended for educational purposes and should not be considered a recommendation to buy or sell a particular security. Named securities may be held in accounts managed by Dimensional.

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The Dimensional indices have been retrospectively calculated by Dimensional Fund Advisors LP and did not exist prior to their index inception dates. Accordingly, results shown during the periods prior to each index's inception date do not represent actual returns of the index. Other periods selected may have different results, including losses. Backtested index performance is hypothetical and is provided for informational purposes only to indicate historical performance had the index been calculated over the relevant time periods. Backtested performance results assume the reinvestment of dividends and capital gains.

Dimensional US Small Cap Index was created by Dimensional in March 2007 and is compiled by Dimensional. It represents a market-capitalization-weighted index of securities of the smallest US companies whose market capitalization falls in the lowest 8% of the total market capitalization of the eligible market. The eligible market is composed of securities of US companies traded on the NYSE, NYSE MKT (formerly AMEX), and Nasdaq Global Market. Exclusions: non-US companies, REITs, UITs, and investment companies. From January 1975 to the present, the index excludes companies with the lowest profitability and highest relative price within the small cap universe. The index also excludes those companies with the highest asset growth within the small cap universe. Profitability is measured as operating income before depreciation and amortization minus interest expense scaled by book. Asset growth is defined as a change in total assets from the prior fiscal year to current fiscal year. Source: CRSP and Compustat. The index monthly returns are computed as the simple average of the monthly returns of 12 subindices, each one reconstituted once a year at the end of a different month of the year. The calculation methodology was amended in January 2014 to include profitability as a factor in selecting securities for inclusion in the index. The calculation methodology was amended in December 2019 to include asset growth as a factor in selecting securities for inclusion in the index.

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All expressions of opinion are subject to change. This information is not meant to constitute investment advice, a recommendation of any securities product or investment strategy (including account type), or an offer of any services or products for sale, nor is it intended to provide a sufficient basis on which to make an investment decision. Investors should consult with a financial professional regarding their individual circumstances before making investment decisions. Diversification neither assures a profit nor guarantees against loss in a declining market.

This article originally appeared November 24, 2025, in the DFA's "Perspectives Article" series. Writen by Wes Crill, PhD, Senior Client Solutions Director and Vice President of DFA. It is republished here with permission of Dimensional Fund Advisors LP. No further republication or redistribution is permitted without the consent of Dimensional Fund Advisors LP.

This article is reprinted with permission from Dimensional Fund Advisors LP (DFA) and reflects the views of its original author, Wes Crill. The content and opinions expressed are those of the author and not necessarily those of Index Fund Advisors, Inc. (IFA). This article is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute investment advice, a recommendation of securities, or an endorsement of any specific strategy by IFA. Investors are encouraged to consult with a qualified financial professional to address their individual circumstances before making any investment decision.

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Small Caps Have Done Better Than You Think

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