It seems that doom and gloom are back in the headlines, but Mark says that economic uncertainty is the balance between good news and bad news – a place we can find ourselves at any time. Good news and bad news are both a constant presence. Mark and Tom give investors hope by showing the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year performance of IFA’s Index Portfolio 50 after several major crises since 1987 (See Figure 9-1A). The numbers show that holding investments for a minimum of 5 years has yielded a post-crisis positive performance of 41% - 70%. They also present a 6-year study by Odean & Barber, which concludes that “trading is hazardous to your wealth.”