IFA Fee Page

Time Pickers
Adding value to your portfolio

 

Introduction to Fees

 

Index Funds Advisors, Inc. (IFA) is a fee-only Registered Investment Adviser. Our account minimum is $100,000. We will provide our ADV Part II and client agreement prior to you becoming a client.

Outline of the Fee Page:
(click to quickly jump down to each section)

A. Does IFA Add Value?

B. Advisor Fee

C. Custodian Fee

D. Fund Fee

 

Quotes

Nobel Laureate William F. Sharpe"A decade ago, I really did believe that the average investor could do it himself. After all, the flesh was willing, the vehicles were available, and the math wasn’t that hard. I was wrong. Having emailed and spoken to thousands of investors over the years, I’ve come to the sad conclusion that only a tiny minority, at most one percent, are capable of pulling it off. Heck, if Helen Young Hayes, Robert Sanborn, Julian Robertson, and the nation’s largest pension funds can’t get it right, what chance does John Q. Investor have?"
— William Bernstein, "The Probability of Success"

"The investor’s chief problem - and even his worst enemy - is likely to be himself."
— Benjamin Graham (1894-1976) Legendary American investor, scholar, teacher and co-author of the 1934 classic, Security Analysis

"It is unwise to pay too much, but it's worse to pay too little."
— John Ruskin (1819-1900)

 

A. Does IFA Add Value?


In order for us to answer this question, you need to examine four questions about your current portfolio.

What is the expected risk (standard deviation) of your portfolio based on at least thirty years of historical data?

What is the excess return (alpha) of your portfolio over a risk-appropriate portfolio of indexes and the standard deviation of the alpha based on at least 30 years of historical data?

What are your total annual fees and expenses as a percentage of your total investments?

What are the taxes associated with your investment strategy as a percentage of your total investments?

What values do a passive advisor bring to their clients:



The Portfolio Simulator is the a way to thoroughly analyze the value IFA can bring to your financial planning. According to the Prudent Investor Rule, risk and time are so directly related that all investors have a duty and responsibility to analyze and make conscious decisions concerning the levels of risk appropriate to their individual situation. Enter the risk, expected return and costs associated with your portfolio to compare it to an Index Portfolio.

A study released by Dalbar in 2011 came up with similar results, but over a much longer period. The study indicated that during the 20 years from 1991 through 2010, the average stock fund investor earned returns of only 3.83% per year, while the S&P 500 returned 9.14%. An investor who owned an all-equity, small value tilted, globally diversified index portfolio such as IFA’s Index Portfolio 100 would have grown a $100,000 investment to an inflation adjusted $555,618 as shown in Figure F-1.

Figure F-1

Average Equity Fund Investor vs. Indexes


(Past IFA Dalbar Quantitative Analysis of Investor Behavior (QAIB) Charts) Investors can benefit from enlisting an investment educator or mentor who will focus on changing their investing behavior, encourage long-term investing, and discourage the gambling practices of trying to beat a market.

The fund tracking service Morningstar started disclosing these "investor returns" in 2006. On the Data Definition page of their web site, they state that "Morningstar investor returns (also known as dollar-weighted returns) measure how the typical investor in that fund fared over time, incorporating the impact of cash inflows and outflows from purchases and sales. In contrast to total returns, investor returns account for all cash flows into and out of the fund to measure how the average investor performed over time. Investor return is calculated in a similar manner as internal rate of return. Investor return measures the compound growth rate in the value of all dollars invested in the fund over the evaluation period. Investor return is the growth rate that will link the beginning total net assets plus all intermediate cash flows to the ending total net assets."

Now that Morningstar is tracking such data, investors bad behavior is finally quantified, as well the advantages of using a passive advisor who helps reduce investor error. In the Morningstar Indexes Yearbook: 2005, they analyzed how the average index investor did on their own versus those that are guided by an advisor using asset class index-type funds from Dimensional Fund Advisors. Here is what they had to say: "Consider the success Dimensional Fund Advisors (DFA) has had in selling its funds through advisors who undergo training on the merits of passive investing and in portfolio construction theory. Consider that over the past decade the dollar-weighted return of all index funds was just 82% of the time-weighted return investors could have gotten with those funds. Yet, the figures for DFA are much better. In fact, the dollar-weighted returns of DFA funds over the past 10 years are actually higher than their time-weighted returns [see Figure F-2]. Suggesting advisors who use DFA encourage very smart behavior among their clients, even buying more out-of-favor segments of the market and riding them up, rather than buying at the peak and riding the trend down, which is usually the case with fund investors."

Figure F-2

DFA Passive Funds with an Advisor vs. All No-Load Index Funds

The emotions of active investors go up and down like a roller coaster, leading them to negative returns on average, after expenses and taxes are deducted. The lessons in this 12-Step Program should allow investors to resist the behaviors that have caused them such despair and poor results in the past.

Figure F-3

Emotions of Active Investors

As a contrast, passive investors invest whenever they have the money to invest and regardless of market conditions, as seen below.

Figure F-4

Emotions of Passive Investors

To make things even better for passive rebalancers, they do the opposite of active investors and trim back indexes that have grown beyond their target allocation and buy more of indexes that end up being under their target allocation. This may result in selling and selling assets to active investors at the most beneficial times. (see Step 12, paragraph 12.2.3 Rebalancing Portfolios)

Figure F-5

Emotions of Rebalancers


To summarize several studies on the difference between fund returns and investor returns, see below.

Figure F-6

 

Ten Reasons to Hire Index Funds Advisors:

1. Just like other competitive fields in which professionals dominate, the amateur investor is not likely to enjoy success. The study above confirms this point. The average amateur investor only gets 18% of the overall market returns and only 16% of the DFA mix of indexes. This is due to their lack of knowledge about how risk and return are related. There is also an emotional bias that forces investors to avoid risk instead of buying and holding the proper amount of risk. The advisors at IFA are professionals who have invested years of research and study into modern portfolio theory. The content and design of this website provides the most comprehensive presentation of investment information available for the purpose of educating the prospective IFA client. Current academic research on financial markets is constantly applied to our clients' investments. The majority of investors do not have the resources, time or interest to do this.

2. Our fee may be considered a casualty insurance premium with our role being to protect investors and their capital from themselves. As Benjamin Graham (1894-1976), the legendary American investor, scholar, Warren Buffet mentor, teacher and co-author of the 1934 classic, Security Analysis, stated, "The investor’s chief problem - and even his worst enemy - is likely to be himself." According to behavioral finance author and professor, Mier Statman, "When the market drops, our instinctive fear to flight is so strong, even the most rational investors find themselves caving in to their own demise." IFA takes the emotions out of the decision making process.

3. The main concern with amateur investors is that they do not know the facts about the financial markets. This is clearly demonstrated by survey after survey. In a recent one by Money Magazine, the average score of 1,500 investors on twenty basic financial questions was a mere 37% correct. You will pay a high tuition for your lessons if you do not understand the potential risk exposure of the stock market and the efficient market theory. Amateur investors suffer from emotional swings of irrational exuberance for risk and subsequent irrational avoidance of risk. Remember that every trade, mutual fund, or stock has someone on the other side that probably knows more than you. Nearly 80% of trading volume is handled by professionals. The alarming fact is that many of these "professionals" have little understanding about the way the market works. In two different studies of ten year periods, 97% of stock pickers and 100% of market timers under performed a simple index fund. Investment policy is the only thing that matters. IFA will create, maintain, and add discipline to that investment policy. We act as your Chief Financial Officer and coordinate your financial management team of lawyers, accountants and insurance agents.

4. IFA provides extensive investor education and access to low cost, pure style, customized, and risk concentrated institutional index funds. These funds are not available to amateur investors. They are created by the number-one rated mutual fund company, Dimensional Fund Advisors. They are building blocks of risk, offering worldwide diversification in the risk factors that explain virtually all of stock market return levels. (See Step 8, page 5 and Investment Policy.)

5. IFA refines your Risk Capacity™ survey to insure that you are optimizing the maximum level of returns for your level of Risk Capacity™, based on long-term historical data of indexes. For example, a simulated passive investor in an Index Portfolio 90 woould have grown $100,000 to $9,329,075 and would have earned a net gain of $613,635/unit of risk (a 15.09% Std. Dev.) on a $100,000 investment for the 35 years ending 12/31/2010. These are simulated index returns after IFA and DFA fees, but before taxes and transaction costs. Past performance is not an indicator of future performance. If this characterization of risk and return is missing from your current strategy or the concept is foreign to you, we can add significant value to your investment policy. The review and editing of the Risk Capacity™ survey is only available through IFA and its approved network members.

6. We have a very high level of customer service and contact due to our implementation of technology. You can talk or chat live with one of our advisors, while viewing a streaming video of them. With more than ten advisors, we have coverage for times of absence. The ability to video conference with your advisor brings about an entirely new level of communication. Our team will provide the highest level of service to maintain your trust and confidence.

7. IFA will provide additional quarterly reviews of the performance and rebalance status of your accounts. We maintain our own portfolio management software that provides virtually any type of analysis of your investments. We choose what we believe to be the most relevant information and send it to you with our invoice at the end of each quarter.

8. IFA will monitor the balance of your current portfolio compared to the investment policy target portfolio and insure that your risk exposure is kept constant. We provide the complicated process of rebalancing the portfolio, minimizing trading costs and taxes, and maintaining investment policy. The time, computer hardware and software, data maintenance, and expertise are of significant value to our clients. In addition, we monitor your portfolio for tax loss harvesting opportunities, asset location optimizing, and glide path risk reduction strategies.

9. IFA provides the opportunity for you to spend your precious time on endeavors of interest to you instead of worrying about your investments. We want you to be well educated about the way the market works, allowing you to relax and enjoy the investment process even in times of market declines.

10. Finally, this quote is important to remember when deciding on whether you should hire an index funds advisor. "It is unwise to pay too much, but it's worse to pay too little." - John Ruskin (1819-1900)

 

B. Index Funds Advisors Management Fee:

Figure F-7 (See the Fee Calculator for IFA blended fee and DFA fees.)

Attention New York Times readers: Not all passive advisors have the same capabilities or provide the same services, so fees alone are not a good comparison. Learn more about IFA from our webcasts at www.IFA.tv and the About Us page. You can also call IFA toll free at 888-643-3133.

It’s Unwise to pay too much…
But it’s worse to pay too little.  When you pay too much, you lose a little money – that is all.  When you pay too little, you sometimes lose everything, because the thing you bought was incapable of doing the thing it was bought to do.  The common law of business balance prohibits paying a little and getting a lot – it can’t be done.  If you deal with the lowest bidder, it is well to add something for the risk you run.  And if you do that, you will have enough to pay for something better.

— John Ruskin (1819-1900)

*The blended annual fee at $1 million in assets under management is 0.825%, at $2 million is 0.7125%, at $4 million is 0.581%, at $6 million is 0.4875%, at $10 million is 0.3923% and at $20 million is 0.2961%. Due to a limitation of only five tiers in our billing software, clients with $6 million or more in assets will receive an invoice with the first 3 Tiers compressed into one Tier, so that on the first $2 million the rate is 0.7125%. Then, from Tier 4 down, the above schedule will be the same. For a precise calculation of your fee, see this fee calculator. Please call 888-643-3133 to obtain a copy of the IFA Client Agreement and Form ADV Part II. IFA's recommended account minimum is $100,000.

C. Custodian Fees:

Transaction fees may apply to certain no-load funds which do not participate in the Schwab Mutual Fund OneSource service, such as DFA mutual funds. Such funds are subject to Schwab's standard transaction fees. None of this fee is paid to Index Funds Advisors. The reason investors pay a transaction fee for DFA fund transactions is because DFA does not charge ongoing quarterly fees (12b1 fees) from it's mutual funds. Instead, investors pay a one time transaction fee for Schwab to execute the trade. This will cost less over the long term because it is a one time fee, as opposed to an ongoing quarterly fee of approximately 0.25% annually.

Figure F-8

Custodian Transaction Fees

Figure F-9

Schwab Transaction Fees as a Percent of Initial Investment



D. Mutual Fund Fees

Figure F-10

 Mutual Fund Prospectuses

Figure F-11

Mutual Fund Expense Ratios

Figure F-12

Blended Expense Ratios for IFA Index Portfolios

Figure F-13

Fund Expenses of the Morningstar Mutual Fund Universe

 

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